在雅思口语考试中,“rubbish”是一个高频且实用的词汇,它不仅指代具体的“垃圾”,还能在不同语境下表达“无用的”“糟糕的”等抽象含义,掌握这个词的多样用法及相关表达,能有效提升口语的灵活性和地道性,帮助考生在考试中更自然地交流。

“rubbish”的基本含义与用法
作为名词,“rubbish”最核心的意思是“垃圾”“废弃物”,通常指日常生活中产生的需要丢弃的物品。
- “We should sort our rubbish to protect the environment.”(我们应该分类垃圾以保护环境。)
- “The street is full of rubbish, which looks terrible.”(街上满是垃圾,看起来很糟糕。)
需要注意的是,在美式英语中,“rubbish”更常用“garbage”或“trash”表达,但雅思口语作为国际化考试,英式表达“rubbish”同样正确且广泛使用。
“rubbish”的引申义与口语应用
除了具体含义,“rubbish”在口语中常作形容词或感叹词,表达负面评价,这是雅思口语中需要重点掌握的灵活用法。
形容词:表示“无用的”“糟糕的”“质量差的”
当描述事物、想法或建议时,可用“rubbish”强调其低价值或不合理性。
- “His excuse for being late is completely rubbish.”(他迟到的借口完全站不住脚。)
- “I don’t think this movie is worth watching—the plot is rubbish.”(我觉得这部电影不值一看——情节太差了。)
感叹词:表示“胡说”“ nonsense”
在对话中反驳或否定对方观点时,可用“Rubbish!”加强语气,相当于“That’s nonsense!”。
- A: “You’ll never pass the exam without studying.”(不学习你绝对不可能通过考试。)
- B: “Rubbish! I aced it last time without preparation.”(胡说!我上次没准备还考得很好呢。)
与“rubbish”相关的口语表达拓展
掌握“rubbish”的固定搭配和同义替换,能让口语表达更丰富,以下是常见表达及场景示例:
| 表达方式 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| talk rubbish | 胡说八道 | Stop talking rubbish—prove your point with evidence.(别胡说了,用证据证明你的观点。) |
| load of rubbish | 一派胡言;一堆废话 | His promises are just a load of rubbish.(他的承诺纯属一派胡言。) |
| rubbish at sth | 不擅长某事 | I’m rubbish at math, but I’m good at languages.(我数学很差,但擅长语言。) |
| take out the rubbish | 倒垃圾(日常用语) | Could you take out the rubbish? It’s overflowing.(能去倒一下垃圾吗?快满了。) |
| recycling rubbish | 回收垃圾 | We should separate recycling rubbish from other waste.(我们应该把回收垃圾和其他垃圾分开。) |
雅思口语中使用“rubbish”的注意事项
- 语境适配性:在描述负面观点时,“rubbish”语气较强,适用于非正式或半正式对话(如Part 1、Part 2),若在Part 3讨论社会话题时需保持客观,可换用“unreasonable”“of poor quality”等中性表达。
- 避免过度使用:虽然“rubbish”实用,但重复使用会显得词汇贫乏,可结合“useless”“terrible”“nonsense等同义词替换,
“This plan is rubbish.” → “This plan seems impractical.”(这个计划不靠谱。)
- 文化差异:在英式英语中,“rubbish”语气比美式“garbage”更委婉,但考试中需根据对话对象灵活调整,避免误解。
实战场景模拟
Part 1话题:Hometown
- Examiner: “Do you think your city is clean?”
- Candidate: “Well, mostly yes. But some areas have too much rubbish, especially near markets. The government should improve the waste management system.”(嗯,大部分地方是干净的,但有些地方垃圾太多,尤其是市场附近,政府应该改善垃圾管理系统。)
Part 2话题:Describe a time you wasted time
- Candidate: “Once I spent a whole afternoon on a mobile game—it was completely rubbish! The graphics were poor, and the gameplay was repetitive. I regretted not using the time to study instead.”(我曾经花了一整个下午玩手机游戏——那游戏简直烂透了!画面差,玩法还重复,真后悔没用那时间学习。)
FAQs
Q1: 在雅思口语中,“rubbish”可以用来形容人的能力吗?
A1: 可以,但需注意语气。“I’m rubbish at cooking”(我做饭很差劲)是自嘲或客观描述,属于口语化表达;若评价他人能力,建议用“He’s not good at cooking”更礼貌,避免直接说“He’s rubbish at cooking”显得生硬。
Q2: 如何区分“rubbish”“garbage”“trash”在雅思口语中的使用?
A2: 三者均可指“垃圾”,但“rubbish”更偏向英式英语,“garbage”和“trash”为美式英语;口语中“rubbish”引申义(如“胡说”)更常用,而“garbage/trash”较少用于抽象表达,考试时可根据自身习惯选择,保持一致性即可。
