在雅思写作考试中,小作文的开篇往往是决定整体印象的关键环节,一个清晰、准确且结构化的开头能够有效引导阅卷官理解文章主旨,同时展现考生的语言组织能力,本文将围绕雅思小作文开头的核心要素展开分析,提供实用技巧与范例,帮助考生构建高效的开篇框架。

雅思小作文开头的核心功能
雅思小作文(学术类)通常要求考生根据图表(如线图、柱状图、饼图、表格或流程图)进行描述,开头段落需完成三项核心任务:概括图表类型与主题;点明核心时间范围或对象;提炼最显著的数据趋势或对比,以剑雅真题为例,若描述“某国2000-2010年可再生能源占比变化”,开头需明确图表为“线图(line graph)”、主题为“可再生能源比例(renewable energy percentage)”,并点出时间跨度“2000-2010年”,同时概括整体趋势“呈显著上升趋势”。
开头的结构化模板与表达
基础模板(适用于静态图表)
静态图表(如饼图、柱状图)强调数据对比,可采用“三段式”开头:
- 第一句:图表类型+主题+时间/范围
范例: The bar chart illustrates the proportion of urban and rural population in Country X from 2010 to 2025. - 第二句:核心数据对比(最高/最低值或显著差异)
范例: Overall, urban dwellers accounted for a higher percentage than rural residents, with the gap widening over the decade. - 第三句(可选):补充次要信息或图表包含的子类别
范例: Data for three age groups (youth, adults, elderly) are also presented to reflect demographic distribution.
动态图表模板(强调趋势变化)
动态图表(如线图、流程图)需突出变化方向,可调整结构为:
- 第一句:图表类型+主题+时间范围
范例: The line graph depicts the fluctuation of oil prices between 2025 and 2025. - 第二句:概括整体趋势(上升/下降/波动)+ 关键节点
范例: Generally, prices experienced two peaks in 2025 and 2025, while a steady decline was observed from 2025 to 2025. - 第三句:点明主要变量或对比维度
范例: Comparisons between Brent and WTI crude oil prices are included to highlight regional differences.
常见开头误区与优化建议
| 误区类型 | 案例 | 优化方案 |
|---|---|---|
| 信息冗余 | 开头重复描述图表标题细节(如“According to the graph provided by…”) | 直接切入核心信息,省略背景描述 |
| 缺乏概括性 | 仅罗列具体数据(如“In 2010, the percentage was 30%...”) | 先提炼整体趋势,再补充具体数据作为支撑 |
| 时态混淆 | 动态图表使用一般现在时(“The graph shows...”) | 根据时间范围调整时态(过去数据用一般过去时) |
| 主语单一 | 通篇使用“The chart shows...” | 替换主语(如“Data reveals...”“The figure illustrates...”) |
高分开头范例对比
低分范例:
The pie chart shows the reasons why people choose online shopping in 2025. There are five reasons, including price, convenience, and product variety.

优化后范例:
The pie chart presents the primary motivations for online shopping among consumers in 2025. Dominated by price sensitivity (35%) and convenience (30%), the data reveals that cost efficiency and accessibility outweigh factors such as product variety (15%) and delivery speed (12%).
FAQs
Q1: 雅思小作文开头是否需要翻译图表标题中的所有信息?
A1: 无需逐字翻译,应提炼核心要素(图表类型、主题、时间/范围),避免冗余,若标题为“Percentage of Students Studying Abroad in Five Countries, 2025-2025”,开头可简化为“The bar chart compares the study-abroad rates across five nations between 2025 and 2025.”
Q2: 流程图或地图题的开头是否需要包含所有步骤?
A2: 不需要,流程图开头需概括“流程目的+主要阶段”,地图题需说明“地点变化类型+时间范围”。“The flowchart illustrates the stages of recycling plastic bottles, from collection to final product manufacturing.”
通过系统训练,考生可掌握开头的“信息密度”与“逻辑节奏”,确保在150词的小作文中精准传递关键信息,为后续段落奠定清晰框架。

