让考官眼前一亮的表达技巧
在雅思写作考试中,小作文的开头段往往决定了考官对整篇文章的第一印象,很多考生习惯使用模板化的表达,导致文章缺乏新意,难以脱颖而出,掌握多样化的开头方式不仅能提升语言丰富度,还能展现更强的语言驾驭能力,本文将分享几种实用的替换开头技巧,帮助你在雅思小作文中取得更高分数。
避免千篇一律的模板化表达
许多考生习惯使用"The graph shows..."或"The chart illustrates..."这类固定句式,虽然这些表达没有错误,但过于常见,容易让考官产生审美疲劳,雅思写作评分标准中的"Lexical Resource"(词汇丰富度)明确要求考生展现多样化的词汇和句式,因此替换开头是提升分数的关键之一。
使用动词的多样化表达
- 基础版:The graph shows the changes in...
- 升级版:
- The graph depicts the changes in...
- The graph presents data on...
- The graph highlights the trends in...
- The graph demonstrates how...
这些动词的替换可以让开头更具变化,同时体现词汇的精准运用。
调整句子结构,避免单一主谓宾
- 基础版:The table compares the population of three countries.
- 升级版:
- Presented in the table is a comparison of the population of three countries.
- A comparison of the population of three countries is provided in the table.
通过调整语序,可以让句子更灵活,避免单调。
结合数据特征优化开头
雅思小作文通常包含图表、流程图或地图,不同类型的数据适合不同的开头方式,根据数据特点选择恰当的表达,能让开头更自然流畅。
动态数据(趋势变化)
如果图表展示的是时间变化趋势,可以在开头直接点明时间范围:
- Over the 20-year period from 2000 to 2020, the graph illustrates...
- Between 2010 and 2020, the data reveals...
静态数据(对比分析)
如果是比较不同类别的数据,可以强调对比关系:
- A comparison of urban and rural populations is shown in the bar chart.
- The pie chart breaks down the expenditure into four main categories.
流程图或地图 通常描述过程或变化,开头可以聚焦于"步骤"或"变化":
- The diagram outlines the process of manufacturing paper.
- The maps illustrate the development of the town from 1990 to 2020.
高级替换句型提升语言层次
除了词汇替换,句型的多样化也能让开头更出彩,以下是几种高级表达方式:
使用分词结构
- Showing a clear upward trend, the line graph indicates...
- Based on the data provided, the bar chart reveals...
使用名词化表达
- An analysis of the graph reveals...
- The data presented suggests...
使用"It"引导的句式
- It is clear from the graph that...
- It can be observed that...
这些句型不仅让表达更简洁,还能体现更高的语言水平。
结合题目要求个性化调整
雅思小作文的题目通常会给出具体指令,Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features...",在开头段可以适当回应题目要求,让文章更贴合评分标准。
示例:
- In response to the task, the bar chart below provides a breakdown of...
- As required, the graph summarises the key trends in...
这种方式既符合题目要求,又避免了模板化。
常见错误及改进建议
避免冗余表达
- 错误:The graph that is shown below demonstrates...
- 正确:The graph demonstrates...
避免主观臆断
- 错误:The graph proves that...(图表只能展示数据,不能"证明"什么)
- 正确:The graph indicates...
确保开头与数据一致
有些考生为了追求高级表达,开头过于笼统,与图表内容脱节,务必确保开头准确反映图表的核心信息。
实战演练
以下是一道雅思小作文题目及不同版本的开头,供参考:
** The line graph shows the percentage of people using different modes of transport in a city between 1980 and 2020.
基础版:
The line graph shows the percentage of people using different modes of transport from 1980 to 2020.
升级版1(动词替换):
The line graph depicts changes in transport usage among city residents over a 40-year period.
升级版2(句型调整):
Presented in the line graph are the trends in transport mode preferences from 1980 to 2020.
升级版3(结合数据特征):
Over the four decades from 1980 to 2020, the line graph highlights shifts in the popularity of various transport methods.
通过对比可以看出,升级版的开头更加灵活多样,能够更好地吸引考官的注意。
在雅思写作中,开头段虽然只占很小一部分,但它的作用不可忽视,一个精心设计的开头不仅能提升文章的整体印象,还能为后续的写作奠定良好的基础,多积累替换表达,结合题目特点灵活运用,你的小作文一定能更上一层楼。