下面我将从核心原则、分类词汇、高分短语和避坑指南四个方面,为你全面梳理雅思小作文的单词。
核心原则：如何有效使用词汇？
- 准确性第一: 错误的词汇比简单的词汇更糟糕，不要把“上升”说成“increase”当“下降”用，不确定的词宁愿用简单的“go up”。
- 多样性是关键: 避免在整篇文章中重复使用同一个词，描述“上升”时，可以交替使用
increase,rise,grow,climb,surge等。 - 注意词性搭配: 动词和名词、形容词和副词要搭配得当，我们说
a significant increase(形容词+名词)，而不是significantly increase(副词+动词) 来描述名词，但可以说the number increased significantly(动词+副词)。 - 动态描述 vs. 静态描述:
- 动态图: 描述变化趋势,多用动词和副词。
- 静态图: 描述不同事物间的对比,多用形容词和比较级。
分类词汇库：按功能划分
动态图: 描述趋势和变化的词
这是动态图（线图、柱状图、饼图）的核心。
| 功能 | 词汇 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 上升 | Increase, rise, grow, climb, go up, surge, soar, leap, rocket | The number of students increased from 100 to 200. House prices soared to an all-time high. |
| 下降 | Decrease, fall, drop, decline, go down, dip, slump, plummet | The price of oil plummeted during the crisis. The population is expected to decline slightly. |
| 波动 | Fluctuate, fluctuation | The temperature fluctuated between 20 and 25 degrees. |
| 保持稳定 | Stabilize, remain stable/steady, level off, plateau | After a sharp rise, the price leveled off. The figure remained stable at 50. |
| 达到峰值 | Peak, reach a peak, hit a high | Sales peaked in July and then fell. |
| 触底 | Reach a bottom, hit a low | The unemployment rate hit a low of 3%. |
| 占据最大份额 | Account for the largest proportion, constitute the majority, be the dominant factor | In 2025, nuclear energy accounted for the largest proportion of the country's electricity. |
静态图: 描述对比和数据
这是静态图（饼图、柱状图、表格、地图）的核心。
| 功能 | 词汇 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 最高/最大 | The highest, the largest, the most significant, the majority of, account for the largest proportion | The highest percentage was in the 18-25 age group. |
| 最低/最小 | The lowest, the smallest, the least significant, a minority of | A minority of people preferred public transport. |
| 对比 (大于) | Double, triple, quadruple (是...的两倍/三倍/四倍), twice as many/much as, constitute a larger proportion than, outnumber | The number of males doubled that of females. Cars outnumbered bicycles by 3 to 1. |
| 对比 (小于) | Constitute a smaller proportion than, be less popular than, be half as much as | The cost of renting was half as much as buying. |
| 相似 | Similar, comparable, roughly the same, account for a similar proportion | The figures for A and B were roughly the same. |
| 倍数关系 | Twice, three times, four times as much/many as, A is twice the size of B | The revenue in 2025 was twice that of 2025. |
| 比例 | A proportion of, a percentage of, a fraction of, a small number of, the vast majority of | A significant proportion of the budget was spent on education. |
副词和形容词：增强语气
这是提升词汇丰富度的“点睛之笔”。
| 程度 | 副词 | 形容词 |
|---|---|---|
| 非常大/非常快 | Dramatically, significantly, considerably, substantially, rapidly, sharply, steeply, markedly | Dramatic, significant, considerable, substantial, rapid, sharp, steep, marked |
| 中等程度 | Moderately, noticeably | Moderate, noticeable |
| 轻微程度 | Slightly, marginally, gradually | Slight, marginal, gradual |
| 几乎不变 | Remained steady, remained constant | Steady, constant |
用法注意:
- 修饰动词:
The number **increased significantly**.(副词+动词) - 修饰名词:
There was a **significant increase** in the number.(形容词+名词)
数据和趋势引出词
让你的文章结构更清晰,逻辑更连贯。
| 功能 | 短语 |
|---|---|
| 描述总体趋势 | Overall, In general, Generally speaking, It is clear that... |
| 描述具体数据 | As is illustrated/depicted/shown in the chart/graph... |
| 比较和对比 | While / Whereas / In contrast / By contrast / Similarly / Likewise |
| 举例说明 | For example / For instance / Such as |
| 描述最高点/最低点 | The peak occurred in... / The lowest point was seen in... |
| 描述数据来源 | According to the data / The chart shows/indicates/reveals... |
高分短语和句型模板
掌握这些,能让你的作文立刻显得更专业。
-
引出图表:
- The bar chart provides a clear illustration of the changes in [主题] between [年份A] and [年份B].
- The table below presents data regarding the [主题] across three different countries.
-
描述总体趋势:
- Overall, it is apparent that the number of [A] experienced a general upward trend, while that of [B] witnessed a steady decline.
- In general, the most striking feature is that [描述最显著的特征].
-
对比数据:
- In contrast to the figures for [A], which stood at [数据], the number of [B] was considerably higher/lower, at [数据].
- While the percentage of [A] accounted for [数据], [B] constituted a much larger/smaller proportion, at [数据].
-
描述倍数和比例:
- The figure for [A] was approximately twice as much as that for [B].
- [A] made up a significant proportion of the total, at [数据].
-
表示预测和展望:
- It is predicted/forecasted/anticipated that this trend will continue into the next decade.
- By [未来年份], the number of [A] is expected to reach a peak of [数据].
避坑指南：常见错误
- 不要用 "I", "We", "You": 雅思小作文是客观描述，不要加入个人观点，错误示例：I think the chart shows a clear trend.
- 不要主观臆断: 你的任务只是描述图表中能看到的信息，不要猜测原因，错误示例：The number of people using cars increased because the government built more roads. (除非图表中明确提到原因)
- 不要过度解读: 不要把 "10%" 说成 "a tenth of the population"，除非图表中的单位是 "population",要忠实于图表单位。
- 不要犯低级拼写错误: "increase" 不要写成 "incress"，"significant" 不要写成 "signifacant",拼写错误会被扣分。
- 不要滥用大词: 用一个简单但准确的词，比用一个生僻但用错的词要好得多,确保你使用的每一个词都是你真正掌握的。
雅思小作文词汇的精髓在于“准确”和“多样”。
- **基础 (5-
