• 准确：不遗漏关键数据,也不编造信息。
• 全面：覆盖图表的主要特征（如最高点、最低点、主要趋势、对比等）。
• 简洁：用精炼的语言在2-3句话内完成。
• 客观：只描述图表呈现的事实,不加入个人观点或解释原因。

下面我将从核心要素、写作结构、高分技巧和范例分析四个方面,为你详细拆解如何写好雅思小作文的概括部分。

概括的核心要素（写什么？）

无论图表多么复杂,一个完整的概括段通常需要包含以下几个核心要素：

1. 图表类型和主题

   • 是什么：简单说明这是一个什么图表（线图、柱状图、饼图、表格、流程图、地图等）。
   • 怎么写：常用句型 The [chart type] illustrates/compares/shows data regarding [topic].
   • 范例：The line graph illustrates the changes in the number of overseas visitors to a certain country from 2010 to 2025.

2. 核心时间范围 (如果有时序)

   • 是什么：描述图表所涵盖的时间段。
   • 怎么写：常用句型 ...over the period from [start year] to [end year]. 或 ...between [start year] and [end year].
   • 范例：...over the period from 2010 to 2025.

3. 主要特征/核心趋势

   • 是什么：这是概括的灵魂，你需要用自己的话总结出图表最突出的1-3个特点,这是展示你分析能力的关键。
   • 怎么找：
     • 动态图：找总体趋势（上升、下降、波动、稳定）、峰值/谷值、转折点。
     • 静态图：找最大值/最小值、数据对比最悬殊的类别、占主导地位的类别。
   • 范例（动态图）：Overall, the number of visitors experienced a general upward trend, with a significant peak in 2025.
   • 范例（静态图）：Overall, it is clear that the largest proportion of students chose to study Engineering, while Languages was the least popular subject.

写作结构（怎么组织？）

概括段通常放在文章的开头，作为第一段,其结构可以非常固定：

句1：引入图表（图表类型 + 主题） 句2：概括核心特征（核心趋势/对比 + 关键数据）

结构模板

模板1：动态图

The [chart type] illustrates [what the chart is about] over the period from [year] to [year]. Overall, [总体趋势, e.g., the number of A increased significantly, while that of B decreased].

Overall, [总体趋势]. During this period, [具体特征1, e.g., A witnessed a dramatic rise from... to...], whereas [具体特征2, e.g., B fluctuated before dropping to its lowest point of...].

模板2：静态图

The [chart type] provides information about [what the chart is about] in [year/time]. Overall, [核心对比, e.g., A was the most..., while B accounted for the smallest proportion].

Overall, [核心对比]. [最大值/最突出类别] accounted for [percentage/number], which was significantly higher/lower than [次大值/最不突出类别] at [percentage/number].

高分技巧与注意事项

1. 使用“总起词” (Overview Signposting)

   • 高分词：Overall, / Overall, it is clear that, / To sum up, / In summary,
   • 作用：明确告诉考官，这是你的概括段，体现了文章的逻辑结构。Overall, 是最常用、最安全的。

2. 学会“改写” (Paraphrasing)

   • 概括段的第一句话不能直接抄题目,要用同义词替换。
   • 题目：The chart below shows the number of males and females in Australia who did regular physical activity in 2010.
   • 改写后：The bar graph compares the number of Australian men and women who engaged in regular physical exercise in the year 2010.

3. 避免细节

   • 概括段绝对不要出现具体数字！数字是放在主体段进行详细描述的，概括段只描述“趋势”和“比较”。
   • 错误示范：Overall, the number of people increased from 100 in 2010 to 200 in 2025. (这句包含了具体数字,更适合放在主体段)
   • 正确示范：Overall, the number of people experienced a significant increase over the decade.

4. 动态图 vs. 静态图，概括侧重点不同

   • 动态图：重点是变化，用词如 increase, decrease, rise, fall, fluctuate, remain stable, peak, reach a low point。
   • 静态图：重点是对比，用词如 the largest/smallest proportion, the majority, the minority, account for, constitute, be higher/lower than, be similar to。

范例分析

范例1：动态图（线图）

The line graph below shows the average number of UK commuters travelling each day by different modes of transport from 1970 to 2030.

概括段参考：

The line graph illustrates the changes in the daily number of commuters in the UK using four different modes of transport from 1970 to a projected 2030. Overall, while the number of people using cars and buses is predicted to decrease, there is a clear upward trend for rail and underground travel. Additionally, cars are expected to remain the most popular mode of transport throughout the period.

分析：

• 句1：illustrates the changes in... (引入动态图主题)，from 1970 to a projected 2030 (点明时间范围，包含预测)。
• 句2：Overall, (总起词)，总结了三个核心趋势：
  1. cars and buses... decrease (下降趋势)
  2. rail and underground... upward trend (上升趋势)
  3. cars are expected to remain the most popular (主要对比/地位)

范例2：静态图（柱状图）

The chart below shows the results of a survey of people's coffee and tea buying habits in five Australian cities.

概括段参考：

The bar chart compares the expenditure on coffee and tea in five major cities across Australia. Overall, it is clear that people in these cities spend more on coffee than on tea. Melbourne stands out as the city with the highest spending on both beverages, while Hobart has the lowest expenditure.

分析：

• 句1：compares the expenditure on... (引入静态图对比主题)。
• 句2：Overall, it is clear that... (总起词)，总结了两个核心对比：
  1. spend more on coffee than on tea (咖啡和茶的整体对比)
  2. Melbourne... highest... while Hobart... lowest (城市之间的对比,点明了最大值和最小值)

写好雅思小作文的概括段,记住这个公式：

概括段 = (图表类型 + 主题) + (核心趋势/对比)

练习时，强迫自己先不看数据，只看图表标题和坐标轴，然后问自己：“这张图最想告诉我什么？” 想到这个答案，再用精炼的英语把它写出来，你的概括段就成功了一大半,祝你备考顺利！