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雅思大作文 结构

下面我将为你详细拆解雅思大作文的结构,包括核心原则、标准结构、高分技巧以及针对不同题型的结构微调

雅思大作文 结构


核心原则:四段式或五段式

如何变化,雅思大作文最稳妥、最推荐的结构是 四段式五段式

  • 四段式: 引言 + 主体段一 + 主体段二 + 结论
  • 五段式: 引言 + 主体段一 + 主体段二 + 结论 (有时会在两个主体段之间加一个让步段/讨论段)

为什么是四段式/五段式? 因为雅思考试考察的是你的论证能力,而不是文采,简单、清晰、有逻辑的结构最能体现你的论证能力,复杂的结构(如六段以上)容易让你在紧张的考试中思路混乱,导致逻辑不清或论点重复。


标准四段式结构详解 (最常用)

这是最经典、最不容易出错的结构,我们以一道题目为例来解析: ** Some people think that university education should be free for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

第一段:引言 - Introduction (约3-4句话)

目标: 开门见山,清晰地告诉考官你的文章主题和你的核心观点。

结构:

  1. 背景引入: 用一两句概括性的话引出话题,展示你对题目的理解。
  2. 题目重述: 用你自己的话重新表述题目,但不能改变原意。
  3. 亮明观点: 清晰地给出你的立场,对于同意与否的题目,必须明确说 "I agree" 或 "I disagree",对于讨论双方观点的题目,要说明你更倾向于哪一方。

范例:

(1. 背景引入) In an era of rapid economic and social development, the accessibility of higher education has become a topic of intense debate. (2. 题目重述) One particularly controversial issue is whether tuition fees at universities should be waived for all students. (3. 亮明观点) While the financial burden on the government would be significant, I strongly agree that making university education free is a crucial investment in a nation's future.


第二段:主体段一 - Body Paragraph 1 (约5-7句话)

目标: 提出并论证你的第一个分论点。

结构 (PEEL/AEEAC 模型):

  1. 主题句: 清晰陈述本段的中心思想,这个句子必须直接回应你的总观点。
  2. 解释/展开: 解释你的主题句,让论点更清晰。
  3. 举例/论据: 给出具体的例子、数据或事实来支撑你的论点。例子是雅思高分的关键!
  4. 分析: 分析你的例子如何证明了你的主题句。
  5. 小结句: (可选) 用一句话重申本段论点,承上启下。

范例:

(1. 主题句) The primary argument in favor of free university education is that it promotes equality of opportunity. (2. 解释) When tuition fees are a barrier, talented individuals from low-income families are often discouraged from pursuing higher education, regardless of their academic potential. (3. 举例) For instance, in countries like Germany, where public universities are tuition-free, there has been a notable increase in the number of students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds enrolling in degree programs. (4. 分析) This demonstrates that removing financial barriers allows a society to benefit from the full spectrum of its intellectual capital, not just from those who can afford to pay. (5. 小结句) Consequently, fostering a more egalitarian education system is a compelling reason to abolish tuition fees.


第三段:主体段二 - Body Paragraph 2 (约5-7句话)

目标: 提出并论证你的第二个分论点,论点之间要有逻辑递进或并列关系,避免重复。

结构 (同样使用 PEEL/AEEAC 模型):

  1. 主题句: 陈述第二个分论点。
  2. 解释/展开
  3. 举例/论据
  4. 分析
  5. 小结句: (可选)

范例:

(1. 主题句) In addition to enhancing social equity, free higher education can also yield substantial long-term economic benefits for a country. (2. 解释) A more highly educated workforce is the cornerstone of innovation, productivity, and competitiveness in the global market. (3. 举例) Take South Korea as an example; its significant investment in education following the Korean War is widely credited with transforming it from a war-torn nation into a global technology and economic powerhouse. (4. 分析) By educating its citizens at little to no cost, the government cultivated a generation of skilled professionals who drove the nation's economic miracle. (5. 小结句) Therefore, viewing free education as a public good rather than a private expense is a strategic economic decision.


第四段:- Conclusion (约3-4句话)

目标: 总结全文,重申观点,并可以提出一个建议或展望未来。

结构:

  1. 重申观点: 用不同的措辞再次强调你的中心论点(不要直接复制引言中的句子)。
  2. 总结分论点: 简要概括你的两个主体段的分论点。
  3. 升华/建议: (可选) 提出一个更广泛的启示、一个建议或对未来的展望。

范例:

(1. 重申观点) In conclusion, despite the initial financial strain, I firmly believe that the advantages of providing free university education are undeniable. (2. 总结分论点) It not only breaks down socio-economic barriers to create a fairer society but also acts as a powerful engine for long-term economic prosperity. (3. 升华/建议) Therefore, governments should prioritize funding higher education as a fundamental investment in building a more equitable and dynamic future for all.


高分结构技巧

  1. 让步段 - Concession Paragraph (让步-反驳结构)

    • 位置: 通常放在第一个主体段之后,第二个主体段之前。
    • 作用: 先承认对方观点有合理之处,然后再转折,强调自己观点更优,这体现了思维的全面性和客观性,是冲击7分及以上的重要技巧。
    • 结构: Although it is true that... / While some people argue that..., I believe that...
    • 范例 (插入到第二段和第三段之间):

      Admittedly, one might argue that free tuition could place an excessive burden on national budgets and potentially lead to a decrease in educational quality if funding is insufficient. However, this concern can be mitigated through careful fiscal planning and reallocation of government funds from less essential areas. The long-term societal and economic returns far outweigh the initial costs.

  2. 平衡讨论结构 - Balanced Discussion Structure

    • 适用题型: Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (讨论双方观点并给出自己的看法)
    • 结构:
      • 介绍话题,并表明你会讨论双方观点,最后暗示你的立场。
      • 主体段一: 讨论A观点的优点/理由。
      • 主体段二: 讨论B观点的优点/理由。
      • 总结双方观点,然后清晰地给出你自己的看法(可以偏向一方,也可以提出一个综合观点)。

不同题型的结构微调

To what extent do you agree or disagree? (同意与否)

  • 立场: 必须明确,可以是 完全同意部分同意不同意
  • 结构:
    • 完全同意/不同意: 两个主体段都用来支持你的观点,从不同角度论证。
    • 部分同意: 这是最高级的写法,第一个主体段同意题目的一部分,第二个主体段不同意另一部分,最后在结论中总结你的综合观点,这比简单的“同意一半,不同意一半”更有深度。

Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (讨论双方观点)

  • 立场: 必须给出自己的观点。
  • 结构: 如上所述的“平衡讨论结构”,注意,不能只讨论双方观点而不给出自己的看法,这会直接扣分。

Advantages and Disadvantages / Problems and Solutions (利弊分析/问题解决)

  • 结构:
    • 利弊分析:
      • 介绍话题。
      • 主体段一: 论述优点。
      • 主体段二: 论述缺点。
      • 可以总结利弊,并给出一个个人倾向或建议。
    • 问题解决:
      • 介绍问题。
      • 主体段一: 详细分析问题的原因
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