在雅思写作任务二中,数据类作文是常见题型之一，其中饼形图（Pie Chart）因能直观展示整体与部分的比例关系，成为高频考点，要写好饼形图雅思作文，需掌握清晰的结构、准确的数据解读和规范的表达方式，本文将从图表分析、写作框架、语言技巧及注意事项等方面展开详细说明。

饼形图的核心特征与审题要点

饼形图通过扇形面积的大小呈现各部分占整体的比例,通常包含一个整体（如总量、总数）和若干组成部分，审题时需重点关注三点：一是整体数据（如“total budget of 2025”），确保比例总和为100%；二是各部分的具体数值或百分比（如“A accounted for 35%”）；三是时间或类别信息（如“three categories of expenses”或“changes from 2010 to 2025”），若为动态饼形图（多时间段对比），还需注意比例随时间的变化趋势。

饼形图作文的结构框架

雅思小作文建议分四段写作,结构清晰且逻辑连贯。

开篇段：概述图表信息

首段需简明扼要介绍图表核心内容,包含三个要素：图表类型（pie chart）、核心主题（如“the proportion of energy consumption in a country”）以及时间范围（若有），避免重复题目原词，可用“illustrate”“present”“show”等替换。
The pie chart illustrates the distribution of energy consumption across four sectors in a country in 2025.

主体段一：描述主要特征

主体段优先描述占比最大的1-2个部分（通常占比超过25%），以及最小的部分，突出“极端值”，若存在占比相近的部分（如均为30%），可合并说明其相似性。
Heating and cooling constituted the largest proportion, accounting for 40% of total energy use, followed by transportation at 30%. In contrast, lighting and appliances represented the smallest share, at only 10%.

主体段二：描述次要特征或动态变化

若数据较多（超过3个部分），或为动态饼形图，第二段可描述剩余部分的变化趋势或对比关系，动态图中需使用“increase/decrease by...”“rise/fall to...”“remain stable”等词汇，并注意时态（过去时用“was/were”，现在时用“is/are”）。
Between 2010 and 2025, the proportion of energy used in heating decreased from 45% to 40%, while that for transportation increased by 5%.

结尾段：总结核心趋势

结尾段无需引入新数据,需概括图表反映的整体规律，如“某部分占主导地位”“各部分比例差异显著”或“动态变化反映某趋势”。
Overall, heating and cooling dominated energy consumption, with the other three sectors collectively accounting for less than half of the total.

数据描述的语言技巧

百分比与分数的灵活表达

• 百分比：35%（thirty-five percent），1/4（a quarter），1/2（half）
• 占比表达：A accounted for 30% / A made up 30% / A constituted 30% / A comprised 30%

对比关系的衔接词

• 递进：moreover, furthermore, in addition
• 转折：however, nevertheless, in contrast
• 并列：similarly, equally, likewise

动态变化词汇（仅动态图）

• 上升：increase, grow, rise, surge, climb
• 下降：decrease, decline, drop, fall, diminish
• 波动：fluctuate, vary

常见错误与注意事项

1. 数据遗漏或错误：确保所有主要部分（占比≥5%）被提及，避免主观增删数据。
2. 时态混乱：静态图用一般现在时，动态图用过去时（若描述过去数据）或一般现在时（若描述普遍规律）。
3. 主观臆断：仅描述数据，不解释原因（如“为什么 heating 占比最高”不属于写作任务）。
4. 结构失衡：避免某段过于冗长（如仅描述一个部分占50%），需合理分配段落内容。

饼形图作文示例（静态图）

The pie chart shows the percentage of water used in different sectors in a country in 2025.

Introduction
The provided pie chart illustrates the proportion of water consumption across four main sectors—agriculture, industry, households, and others—in a country during 2025.

Body Paragraph 1
Agriculture was the largest consumer of water, accounting for 45% of the total, which was significantly higher than any other sector. Industry followed, utilizing 30% of the water supply, while households represented a smaller share at 20%. The remaining 5% was used for other purposes.

Body Paragraph 2
In contrast, the proportion of water used by households and other sectors was considerably lower. Notably, agriculture’s consumption (45%) was more double that of households (20%), highlighting the dominant role of agricultural activities in water usage.

Conclusion
Overall, agriculture and industry together consumed three-quarters of the total water, whereas household and other usage constituted only a quarter.

相关问答FAQs

Q1: 饼形图中若所有部分比例相近，如何避免描述重复？
A1: 可采用“分组对比”或“强调共性”的方式。“All four sectors accounted for a similar proportion, ranging from 22% to 28%, indicating a relatively balanced distribution.” 或 “While A and B each represented 25%, C and D constituted 23% and 27% respectively, showing minor variations among categories.”

Q2: 动态饼形图中，若某部分比例先升后降，如何描述变化趋势？
A2: 需明确时间节点和变化幅度，使用“先…后…”结构。“The proportion of energy used in transportation increased from 25% in 2010 to 35% in 2025, but then decreased to 30% in 2025.” 或 “After rising by 10% between 2010 and 2025, the share of transportation fell by 5% over the next five years.”