Part 1: 核心词汇

掌握这些词汇能让你的表达更地道、更专业。

政策相关:

• Family Planning Policy: 计划生育政策
• Two-Child Policy: 二胎政策
• Three-Child Policy: 三孩政策 (这是政策的最新演变，提及它可以显示你了解时事)
• One-Child Policy: 一孩政策
• Relaxation of the policy: 政策放宽
• Lift the ban: 解除禁令
• To encourage childbirth: 鼓励生育
• Population control: 人口控制
• Demographic structure: 人口结构

影响与原因:

• Aging population / Aging society: 人口老龄化
• Low birth rate / Fertility rate: 低生育率
• Population decline: 人口下降
• Labor force: 劳动力
• Pension system: 养老金体系
• Economic burden: 经济负担
• Cost of raising a child: 养育成本
• Childcare expenses: 幼儿保育费用
• Education costs: 教育费用
• Housing pressure: 房价压力
• Work-life balance: 工作与生活的平衡
• Career development: 职业发展
• Social support system: 社会支持体系 (e.g., maternity leave, childcare services)

观点与态度:

• To be in favor of / to support: 支持
• To be against / to oppose: 反对
• To have mixed feelings: 感觉复杂，喜忧参半
• A double-edged sword: 一把双刃剑
• A long-term solution: 一个长期的解决方案
• To pose a challenge to...: 对...构成挑战
• To put pressure on...: 给...带来压力
• To strike a balance: 寻求平衡

Part 2: 常见问题与高分回答思路

问题 1: Do you think the two-child policy was a good idea? Why?

(你觉得二胎政策是个好主意吗？为什么？)

高分思路: 不要简单地回答 "Yes" 或 "No"，展示你的辩证思维，承认政策的积极面，也指出其面临的挑战。

• 正面观点:

  • 应对人口老龄化: It was a necessary step to address the increasingly severe aging population. (这是应对日益严重的人口老龄化问题的必要一步。)
  • 平衡人口结构: It aimed to create a more balanced age structure, preventing a future labor shortage. (其目的是建立一个更平衡的年龄结构，以防未来劳动力短缺。)
  • 家庭层面: For many families, especially those with only one child, it allowed them to have a larger family, which can be beneficial for the child's social development and for the parents' old-age support. (对于许多只有一个孩子的家庭来说，这让他们有机会组建更大的家庭，这有利于孩子的社交发展，也为父母的养老提供了支持。)

• 负面观点/挑战:

  • 高昂的养育成本: However, the policy's effect was limited by the high cost of raising children in modern society, including education, housing, and healthcare. (由于现代社会高昂的养育成本，包括教育、住房和医疗，该政策的效果受到了限制。)
  • 观念的转变: Younger generations have different priorities. Many now focus on career development and personal freedom, making them hesitant to have more children. (年轻一代有不同的优先事项，许多人现在专注于职业发展和个人自由，因此不愿生育更多孩子。)
  • 社会支持不足: The government and society were not fully prepared with sufficient childcare services and supportive policies for families with two children. (政府和社会在为二胎家庭提供足够的幼儿保育服务和支持性政策方面准备不足。)

回答范例: "Well, I believe the two-child policy was a well-intentioned and necessary move, but it was far from a perfect solution. On the one hand, it was a crucial step to tackle the problem of an aging population. China's birth rate had been declining for years, and without intervention, it would have put immense pressure on the pension system and the overall economy. By allowing a second child, the government hoped to create a more sustainable demographic structure.

On the other hand, the policy didn't yield the expected results because it didn't address the root causes of low fertility. The main deterrent for many young couples is the incredibly high cost of raising a child. From expensive cram schools to skyrocketing property prices, the financial burden is just too heavy. So, while the policy opened the door, many families felt they couldn't afford to walk through it. That's why we now have the three-child policy, which is an attempt to go even further, but I think the real solution lies in providing more concrete support, like better childcare subsidies and parental leave."

问题 2: What are the main reasons that people might choose not to have a second child?

(人们选择不生二胎的主要原因是什么？)

高分思路: 分点阐述，每个点都给出具体的例子和解释，这能展示你的逻辑和组织能力。

• 经济因素: 这是最主要的原因。

  • Directly: "The cost is astronomical." (成本高得离谱。)
  • Elaborate: "You have to think about the 'Four Big Expenses': housing, education, healthcare, and marriage. For a second child, all of these costs double. Many parents are already stretched thin with just one child." (你必须考虑“四大开销”：住房、教育、医疗和结婚，生二胎，所有这些开销都翻倍了，许多父母养一个孩子已经感到吃力了。)

• 职业与个人发展:

  • Directly: "It has a huge impact on a woman's career." (这对女性的职业生涯影响巨大。)
  • Elaborate: "Taking maternity leave twice can hinder career progression. Many women fear being passed over for promotions or even losing their jobs. Also, raising two kids requires an enormous amount of time and energy, leaving little for personal pursuits or career advancement." (休两次产假可能会阻碍职业发展，许多女性担心在晋升中被超越，甚至失业，抚养两个孩子需要大量的时间和精力，几乎没有时间留给个人追求或职业发展。)

• 精力与压力:

  • Directly: "The emotional and physical exhaustion is real." (精力和体力上的消耗是实实在在的。)
  • Elaborate: "Raising one child is a full-time job. Raising two means dividing your attention and energy. Parents worry about not being able to give each child enough love and care. The constant juggling of work, housework, and two kids' schedules can be incredibly stressful." (养一个孩子已经是全职工作了，养两个孩子意味着要分摊你的注意力和精力，父母们担心无法给每个孩子足够的爱和关怀，在工作、家务和两个孩子的日程之间不断周旋，压力会非常大。)

回答范例: "There are several compelling reasons why couples might decide against having a second child. Firstly, and most importantly, is the financial aspect. The cost of raising a child in China has skyrocketed. Think about it: you need a bigger house, pay for double the education fees, buy twice as many clothes, and save for two weddings. For many young families, especially in big cities, this financial pressure is simply overwhelming.

Secondly, there's the significant impact on a woman's career. Taking extended maternity leave not once, but potentially twice, can set a professional back for years. Many women report feeling that they have to choose between having a family and having a successful career, and they choose the latter to secure their financial independence.

Finally, it comes down to energy and stress. Raising one child is demanding enough. Raising two means your time and attention are split. Parents often worry about not being able to provide the same quality of life and attention to each child. The constant running around for school, activities, and doctor's appointments can lead to burnout. So, it's often a conscious decision to focus their resources on providing the best possible life for their one child."

问题 3: Do you think the government should do more to encourage people to have children? What could they do?

(你认为政府应该采取更多措施来鼓励生育吗？可以做什么？)

高分思路: 提出具体、可行的建议，而不仅仅是空泛的口号，这能展示你的批判性思维和解决问题的能力。

• 经济补贴:
  • Directly: "Provide direct financial subsidies." (提供直接的经济补贴。)
  • Elaborate: "The government could offer monthly child allowances for families with multiple children, or provide tax deductions. This would help offset the high cost of living and education." (政府可以为多孩家庭提供每月的儿童津贴，或者提供税收减免，这将有助于抵消