托福口语第6题-梅苑双语网

题型概述

任务名称： 学术讲座题
问题形式： 你会先听一段讲座录音，然后阅读一个简短的书面提示，你有20秒的准备时间和60秒的作答时间。
核心要求： 总结讲座中的核心观点和关键细节，并解释它们如何支持这个核心观点，你不需要阅读屏幕上的文字，但它的内容会提示你需要总结的核心概念。
能力考察：
1. 听力理解: 能否听懂一段关于抽象学术概念的讲座。
2. 信息抓取: 能否快速识别讲座的主题、核心观点和支撑它的2-3个关键例子/论据。
3. 逻辑组织: 能否将这些信息有条理地组织起来，形成一个逻辑连贯的短篇陈述。
4. 语言表达: 能否用清晰、准确、流利的英语进行口头复述。

第二部分：解题步骤与黄金模板

掌握正确的步骤和模板是攻克这道题的关键。

托福口语第6题

解题四步法

听讲座 (60-90秒):
- 目标： 不要试图记下每一个词，你的目标是抓住“骨架”。
- 听什么：
  - 主题: 教授在讲什么？是关于心理学、生物学、艺术史还是天文学？
  - 核心观点: 教授对主题的主要论点是什么？通常讲座开头一两句就会明确。
  - 注意那些重复出现或被特别强调的词。
  - 例子/论据: 教授用了哪几个例子来证明他的核心观点？通常会有2-3个，快速记下每个例子的核心名词即可（ants, birds, company）。
读提示 (5秒):
- 目标： 确认你的总结方向。
- 提示通常会复述一遍讲座的核心观点，"Using the example of ants and birds, the professor explains two types of animal behavior: instinct and learned behavior."
- 作用： 这句话是你的“题眼”，你的回答必须紧紧围绕这个核心观点展开。
准备 (20秒):
- 目标： 构建你的回答框架。
- 怎么做：
  - 第一步： 在草稿纸上写下核心观点的缩写。
  - 第二步： 在核心观点下方，写下你记下的2-3个例子的缩写，用箭头把它们和核心观点连接起来。
  - 示例草稿：
```
CP: Instinct vs. Learned
  |
+---+---+
|       |
Ants    Birds
(built-in) (learned)
```
- 这个简单的结构能让你在60秒的作答时保持思路清晰,避免遗漏。
作答 (60秒):
- 目标： 流利、完整地呈现你的总结。
- 策略： 使用下面提供的黄金模板，将你的草稿内容填充进去。

黄金答题模板

这个模板分为三个部分：开头、主体、结尾，总时长控制在55-60秒。

开头 - 陈述核心观点 (约10-15秒)

目的： 快速切入主题，让考官明白你听懂了讲座的中心思想。
句式：
- "In the lecture, the professor discusses [讲座主题]."
- "The professor explains two types of [核心概念]."
- "According to the professor, there are two main reasons why [核心观点]."

主体 - 展开例子和细节 (约35-40秒)

目的： 这是回答的核心，展示你抓取关键信息的能力，你需要用“First... / Second...”这样的结构来组织你的例子。
句式：
- 第一个例子:
  - "First, the professor gives the example of [例子1，如：ants] to illustrate [核心观点的一个方面]."
  - "He/She mentions that [例子1的关键细节1]."
  - "This is because [解释细节如何支撑观点]."
- 第二个例子:
  - "Second, the professor talks about [例子2，如：birds] to show [核心观点的另一个方面]."
  - "He/She points out that [例子2的关键细节1]."
  - "This demonstrates that [解释细节如何支撑观点]."
- （可选）第三个例子: 如果讲座有第三个清晰的例子，可以用 "Finally..." 或 "Another example is..." 来补充。

- (约5-10秒)

目的： 简单重申核心观点，使你的回答结构完整，这部分可以非常简短。
句式：
- "So, these two examples clearly show the difference between [概念A] and [概念B]."
- "Therefore, the professor concludes that [一句话重申核心观点]."
- （也可以直接省略，将最后一句的细节说完即结束，因为时间有限）

第三部分：真题示例与解析

让我们来看一个经典的例子,帮你更好地理解。

(模拟)

"Today we're going to talk about animal behavior, specifically, the difference between instinct and learned behavior. Instinct is a behavior that's built-in; animals are born knowing how to do it. Learned behavior, on the other hand, is something an animal picks up by watching others or through experience.

Let's take ants as an example of instinct. Ants have a very complex social structure. They build nests, find food, and take care of their young. A newborn ant doesn't need to be taught how to do any of this. It just knows. This is a clear case of instinct.

Now, for learned behavior, let's look at birds, specifically songbirds. A songbird isn't born knowing its species' song. It has to learn it. Usually, it learns by listening to its father or other adult males. If a young songbird is raised in isolation, without hearing any adult songs, it will either be silent or sing a very abnormal, simple song. This shows that the ability to sing a proper song is not instinctive; it's learned."

读书面提示

Using the examples of ants and songbirds, the professor explains the difference between instinct and learned behavior.

准备 (20秒草稿)

CP: Instinct vs. Learned Behavior
- Ex1: Ants
  Detail: Born knowing (build nests, find food)
- Ex2: Songbirds
  Detail: Learn from father; isolated birds sing badly

作答 (60秒范文)

(使用模板填充)

开头 (陈述核心): "In the lecture, the professor discusses two types of animal behavior: instinct and learned behavior."

主体 (展开例子): "First, the professor uses ants as an example of instinct. He explains that ants are born knowing how to build complex nests and find food. They don't need to be taught; this ability is built-in. This clearly shows that some behaviors are instinctive. Second, the professor talks about songbirds to illustrate learned behavior. He mentions that a young songbird isn't born knowing its species' song. Instead, it learns by listening to its father. If a bird is raised in isolation without hearing other birds, it can't sing the proper song. This demonstrates that singing is a learned behavior, not an instinct."

(: "So, these two examples, ants and songbirds, perfectly show the difference between instinct and learned behavior."

第四部分：高分技巧与注意事项

不要加入个人观点: 你的任务是讲座，不是评论或分享你自己的想法，绝对不要说 "In my opinion..." 或 "I think..."。
不要照抄阅读内容: 阅读提示只是给你一个“拐杖”，你的回答必须基于听力，你可以提到阅读中的关键词，但所有解释和细节都必须来自讲座。
逻辑清晰是王道: 使用 "First... / Second... / Finally..." 这样的过渡词，能让你的回答结构一目了然，考官在听的时候能轻松跟上你的思路。
抓关键词，记缩写: 在听的时候，不要试图写完整的句子，用你自己的速记符号写下核心名词和动词（如 ants -> built-in, birds -> learn from dad），这能为你节省大量时间。
练习，练习，再练习: 第六题的难度在于信息密度大