口语中的 "they" 主要有三大核心用法:

- 复数指代 (最传统、最基础的用法)
- 性别中立单数 (现代、最常用的新用法)
- 指代未知或不特定的人 (传统用法,但仍在广泛使用)
下面我们逐一展开,并配上大量口语化的例子。
复数指代
这是 "they" 最基本、最没有争议的用法,用来指代两个或两个以上的人,无论性别。
用法要点:
- 主语: They + 动词原形
- 宾语: them
- 所有格: their / theirs
- 反身代词: themselves
口语例子:
-
指代一群人:
- "Look at them over there! They look like they're having a great time." (看那边的那些人!他们看起来玩得很开心。)
- "They said the new restaurant is really good. I want to try it." (他们说那家新餐厅特别好,我想去试试。)
-
指代一群朋友/同事:
- "They all went to the beach without me. I feel left out." (他们所有人都去海滩了,没叫我,我感觉被冷落了。)
- "What did they think of your presentation?" (他们觉得你的演讲怎么样?)
性别中立单数
这是目前 "they" 最重要、也最值得关注的发展,当不知道某人的性别,或者不想用性别(如 he/she)来限定某个人时,我们用 "they" 作为单数代词。
这种用法在语法上曾经被认为“不正确”,但现在已经被所有主流英语词典(如牛津、韦氏)和语法指南所接受,并且在日常口语中极为普遍。
使用场景:
a) 指代一个未知性别的人
当你提到一个身份不明确的人时,用 "they" 避免猜测性别。
- "Someone left their phone here. They must be looking for it."
(有人把手机落在这里了,他们肯定在找。)
- (传统说法可能会用 "he or she",但 "they" 更自然流畅)
- "Who's that knocking on the door? I don't know them." (谁在敲门?我不认识他们/他/她。)
- "If a student wants to succeed, they need to study hard."
(如果一个学生想成功,他/她就需要努力学习。)
- (这里用 "they" 就避免了在 "a student" 后面用 "he",因为学生不分男女)
b) 指代一个已知性别的人,但本人希望使用非二元代词
这是对性别认同的尊重,如果你的朋友、同事或家人明确表示他们的性别认同不是“男”或“女”,并希望你用 "they/them" 来称呼他们,那么你就必须这样做,这是现代社交礼仪的重要组成部分。
- "This is Alex. They are my new colleague. They use 'they/them' pronouns." (这是亚历克斯,是我的新同事,他们希望使用 'they/them' 作为代词。)
- "I asked Sam if they wanted to join us for dinner." (我问了萨姆,问他们想不想和我们一起吃晚饭。)
c) 泛指“任何人”
当谈论一个普遍适用于所有人的规则或情况时,用 "they" 非常自然。
- "When a person gets older, they tend to value sleep more." (人老了,就更看重睡眠了。)
- "If they say it's going to rain, you should probably bring an umbrella." (如果天气预报说要下雨,你最好带把伞。)
指代未知或不特定的人
这个用法和性别中立单数有重叠,但侧重点不同,它主要强调“身份不明”,而不是“性别不明”。
用法要点:
- 通常与
someone,anyone,no one,everyone等词连用。 - 动词用单数还是复数都可以,但口语中用复数更常见,也更自然。
口语例子:
- "Someone called for you. They didn't leave a name."
(有人给你打电话了,他们没留名字。)
- (这里用 "they" 指代 "someone",非常地道)
- "Everyone has their own opinion on this matter."
(每个人对此事都有自己的看法。)
- (用 "their" 比 "his or her" 简洁得多)
- "No one knows what they are talking about. It's all nonsense." (没人知道他们在说什么,全是胡说八道。)
口语中的常见搭配和短语
"they" 还会出现在很多固定的口语表达中,这些表达不特指某个“他们”,而是泛指“人们”、“权威”或“系统”。
- They say... (据说...)
- "They say it's going to be the hottest summer on record." (据说这会是史上最热的一个夏天。)
- As they say... (俗话说...)
- "As they say, 'actions speak louder than words'." (俗话说,“行动胜于言语”。)
- Who are 'they' anyway? (“他们”到底是谁?)
- This is a rhetorical question to challenge authority or vague rules.
- "You can't do that." "Who are they to tell me what to do?" (“你不能那么做。”“他们是谁啊,凭什么指挥我?”)
- This is a rhetorical question to challenge authority or vague rules.
- They don't make them like they used to. (他们再也造不出以前那种好东西了。)
- This is an idiom for the decline in quality of something (e.g., cars, appliances, movies).
- "My old car lasted 20 years. They don't make them like they used to." (我的旧车开了20年,现在的车可造不出以前那么耐用了。)
- This is an idiom for the decline in quality of something (e.g., cars, appliances, movies).
总结与对比
为了让你更清晰地理解,这里有一个简单的对比表格:
| 用法类型 | 例子 | 语境说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 复数指代 | They are my friends. | 指两个或以上的特定人。 |
| 性别中立单数 | Someone left their bag. I think they will be back for it. | 指代性别未知或希望用中性代词的人。 |
| 指代不特定的人 | Everyone should do their best. | 指代不确定身份的群体,如 "everyone", "someone"。 |
| 固定表达 | They say the new boss is very strict. | 不特指某人,而是泛指“人们”或“传言”。 |
核心要点:
在今天的口语中,"they" 的单数用法已经完全被接受和普及,当你不确定性别,或者想用一个简洁、包容的词来指代任何人时,放心大胆地用 "they" 吧!它比 "he or she" 更自然,也比使用 "he" (默认男性) 更尊重和准确。
