表格作文核心要点

表格作文的核心任务是“比较和对比”数据，你需要清晰地展示出数据之间的最大值、最小值、显著差异、共同点以及总体趋势。

写作结构 (四段式)

• 第一段：引言 - Introduction

  • 任务： 简述图表内容，无需分析数据。
  • 公式： “The table provides a breakdown of/compares...” 或 “The table illustrates data regarding...”
  • 关键信息： 时间、地点、对象。
  • 示例： "The table compares the proportion of men and women in full-time and part-time employment in six different countries in the year 2025."

• 第二段：概述 - Overview/Summary

  • 任务： 这是最关键的一步！ 总结图表最显著、最核心的特征，不要提及具体数字。
  • 比较最大/最小值、主要趋势（如：哪个群体/类别占主导）、最明显的对比。
  • 位置： 可以放在第二段或第三段，但强烈建议放在第二段，展示你宏观把握数据的能力。

• 第三段 & 第四段：细节分析 - Details & Analysis

  • 任务： 选择数据进行详细描述和比较，不要逐项罗列，要分组描述。
  • 分组策略：
    1. 按行/类别分组： 先详细描述所有国家中“男性”的数据，再描述“女性”的数据。
    2. 按列/国家分组： 先详细描述“Country A”的各项数据，再描述“Country B”的。
    3. 按数据特征分组： 将所有“最高值”和“最低值”放在一起描述。
  • 使用比较级和最高级，指出数据的差异。"A was significantly higher than B," "C accounted for the largest proportion," while "D was the smallest."

高分词汇与句型

动词

• 表示“比较”: compare, contrast, illustrate, show, indicate, present, summarize
• 表示“分类/构成”: be divided into, be categorized into, consist of, comprise, account for, constitute, make up
• 表示“趋势/变化”: increase, decrease, rise, fall, grow, decline, remain stable, fluctuate

描述数据关系

• 最高/最低: the highest/largest/significant proportion, the lowest/smallest/minimal number/percentage
• 比较: considerably higher/lower than, slightly more/less than, a similar proportion to, almost the same as
• 倍数关系: twice as many/..., three times as much/..., double/triple the amount of...
• 占比: A accounted for 30% of the total. / A constituted a significant majority (over 50%).
• 排名: ranked first/second/third, was the most/least popular

句型

• 比较句:
  • A was significantly higher than B. (A比B高得多)
  • The figure for A was nearly three times that of B. (A的数字几乎是B的三倍)
  • There was a slight difference between A and B. (A和B之间有轻微差异)
• 描述趋势:
  • The number of... witnessed a dramatic increase. (…的数量经历了急剧增长)
  • ... experienced a gradual decline. (…经历了逐渐下降)
  • ... remained relatively stable over the period. (…在此期间保持相对稳定)
• 复杂句:
  • While the proportion of... in Country X was high, that in Country Y was considerably lower. (虽然X国的…比例很高，但Y国的则低得多)
  • It is noticeable that... accounted for the largest share, whereas... made up the smallest. (值得注意的是，…占了最大份额，而…则占比最小)

完整范文示例

题目

The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.

范文

Introduction The table provides a comparison of six major cities' underground railway systems, detailing the year they were first opened, the total length of their routes, and the annual number of passengers they serve.

Overview Overall, it is clear that Tokyo has the most extensive and heavily used subway system among the cities listed. In contrast, Kyoto and Los Angeles have the newest and least developed networks, with Kyoto having the shortest route and the fewest passengers.

Body Paragraph 1 (Details: Older, Larger Systems) The two oldest underground systems, in London and Paris, were opened in the 19th and early 20th centuries, respectively. London's network, which began in 1863, is the longest at 394 kilometers, carrying 775 million passengers annually. Paris's system, started in 1900, is shorter at 199 km but carries a significantly higher number of passengers per year, at 1191 million. Tokyo's system, while younger than the London and Paris networks (opened in 1927), boasts the highest annual passenger figure of 1927 million, despite having a route length of only 155 km.

Body Paragraph 2 (Details: Newer, Smaller Systems) The more recently established systems are considerably smaller in scale. Washington's network, which began operating in 1976, has a route length of 126 km and serves 144 million passengers per year. Kyoto's system is the smallest, with only 11 km of track opened in 1981, catering to just 45 million passengers annually. Los Angeles has the newest system, launched in 2001, with a route length of 28 km and an annual ridership of 50 million.

练习题

题目

The table below shows the results of a survey asking adults about their preferred ways of relaxing after a hard day's work.

写作思路与范文框架

Introduction

• 句式： The table presents data from a survey...
• ...that investigated the preferred leisure activities of adults for relaxation after work, broken down by three age groups: 18-30, 31-50, and 51+.

Overview

• 核心特征1 (主要活动): Watching television was the most popular choice across all age groups.
• 核心特征2 (年龄差异): There was a clear trend where preference for socializing decreased with age, while interest in reading remained relatively stable.
• 总结句： Other activities were consistently the least favored option.

Body Paragraph 1 (Details: The Most Popular Activity - TV)

• 主题句： Watching television was overwhelmingly the most common method of relaxation for adults in every age bracket.
• 数据支持： Its popularity increased with age, from 40% of the 18-30 age group, to 55% of the 31-50 group, and reaching 60% among those aged 51 and over.

Body Paragraph 2 (Details: Socializing vs. Reading)

• 主题句： In contrast to television, preferences for socializing and reading showed different patterns across the age groups.