什么是雅思作文的论点?
在雅思作文中,论点是你对题目核心问题的直接回答和立场,它不是一句简单的“同意”或“不同意”,而是一个需要被后续理由和例子所支撑的、完整的观点陈述。

核心公式: 立场 + 解释/理由
- 立场: 你对问题的看法是什么?
- 解释/理由: 为什么你这么认为?这通常是你段落的主题句。
为什么论点如此重要?
- 文章的“灵魂”和“骨架”: 没有清晰的论点,文章就会像一盘散沙,逻辑混乱,观点模糊,考官无法抓住你的核心思想,自然无法给你高分。
- 逻辑展开的起点: 每个主体段落都应该围绕一个核心论点展开,论点决定了你该用什么理由和例子来支撑。
- 展示思辨能力: 一个好的论点能体现出你不仅仅是复述常识,而是对问题有自己独立的、有深度的思考,这正是雅思写作考察的重点。
如何构建一个强有力的论点?(四步法)
第一步:精准审题
这是最关键的一步,错误理解题目,论点就会跑偏。
- 找出题目中的核心名词和动词。
- 问题类型: 确定是同意与否、双边讨论、利弊分析还是报告类问题。
- 限定范围: 题目有没有时间、地点、人群等方面的限制?
示例:** Some people believe that the best way to increase road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
审题分析:
- road safety (道路安全), minimum legal age for driving (最低法定驾驶年龄)
- 问题类型: To what extent do you agree or disagree? (同意与否)
- 核心问题: 提高驾驶年龄是否是“最好”的(the best way)提高道路安全的方法?
第二步:明确你的立场
根据审题,确定你的观点,对于同意与否类题目,你可以选择:
- 完全同意
- 部分同意 (这是最常见也最容易写出深度的选择)
- 完全不同意
示例:一个“部分同意”的立场会比“完全同意”更有思辨空间。
第三步:发展核心理由
这是将立场具体化的过程,问自己:“为什么我这么认为?” 或者 “为什么这个观点是对的/错的?” 你的理由应该具有相关性和说服力。
技巧: 使用“... because...”句式来帮助思考。
- 立场: 我部分同意,因为它确实有效,但不是唯一或最好的方法。
- 理由1 (支持): 因为年轻人(尤其是18-21岁)的大脑仍在发育,他们的风险评估能力和冲动控制能力较弱,提高年龄可以减少由这些因素导致的交通事故。
- 理由2 (反对/补充): 仅仅提高年龄并不能解决所有问题,经验不足的年长司机(如22-25岁)同样是高风险群体,糟糕的道路设计、车辆安全标准不足和执法不严也是导致事故的重要原因。
第四步:形成论点句
将你的立场和理由结合起来,写成一句完整、清晰、明确的论点句,作为主体段落的主题句。
示例论点句:
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论点句1 (支持段): While raising the driving age is a logical measure to mitigate risks associated with young drivers' underdeveloped cognitive functions, it is not a comprehensive solution on its own. (虽然提高驾驶年龄是降低年轻司机认知功能不成熟所带来的风险的一个合理措施,但它本身并非一个全面的解决方案。)
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论点句2 (反对/补充段): A more holistic approach to road safety must therefore address other critical factors, such as improving road infrastructure and enhancing the quality of driver training. (一个更全面的道路安全方法必须解决其他关键因素,例如改善道路基础设施和提高驾驶员培训质量。)
高分论点的特征
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清晰明确: 考官一眼就能看懂你的观点,避免使用模棱两可的词语。
- 低分: Maybe raising the age is good.
- 高分: Raising the minimum driving age is a viable strategy, but its effectiveness is limited without complementary policies.
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具体深入: 不要说空话套话,要具体解释“为什么”。
- 低分: It's good for the environment.
- 高分: Promoting the use of public transport significantly reduces carbon emissions from private vehicles, thereby alleviating air pollution and mitigating the adverse effects of climate change in urban areas.
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有思辨性: 展现你看问题的多面性,承认对立观点的合理性,然后再进行反驳或补充,这是7分及以上作文的标配。
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while,although,despite,however,in addition,furthermore。
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相关性: 你的论点必须直接回应题目的核心问题,不要跑题。
不同题型的论点构建示例
同意与否
** Some people think that the government should invest more money in public services instead of arts. Do you agree or disagree?
立场: 部分同意
论点A (支持政府投资公共服务):
- 理由: 公共服务如医疗和教育是维持社会稳定和公民福祉的基石。
- 论点句: I strongly agree that prioritizing funding for fundamental public services like healthcare and education is a government's primary responsibility, as these are the cornerstones of a functional and equitable society.
论点B (但也应投资艺术):
- 理由: 艺术对于促进文化认同、心理健康和旅游业至关重要。
- 论点句: However, completely neglecting the arts would be a grave mistake, as they play an indispensable role in fostering cultural identity, enhancing mental well-being, and driving economic growth through tourism.
双边讨论
** Some people think that competitive sports are beneficial for children's development, while others believe they have more negative impacts. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
立场: 我认为利大于弊,但需要正确引导。
论点A (支持方观点):
- 理由: 竞争体育能教会孩子团队合作、纪律和如何面对失败。
- 论点句: On the one hand, proponents argue that competitive sports instill invaluable life skills in children, such as teamwork, discipline, and resilience in the face of defeat.
论点B (反对方观点):
- 理由: 过度的竞争会给儿童带来巨大的心理压力,并可能导致身体受伤。
- 论点句: On the other hand, opponents contend that excessive pressure to win can lead to significant psychological stress for children and increase the risk of physical injuries.
论点C (我的观点):
- 理由: 只要管理和引导得当,体育的积极影响就能超过其负面影响。
- 论点句: In my opinion, while the concerns of the opponents are valid, the benefits of competitive sports can outweigh the drawbacks when they are properly managed and guided by adults.
利弊分析
** Many young people today leave their rural hometowns to study or work in cities. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?
论点A (优点):
- 理由: 城市提供更多教育、职业机会和文化体验。
- 论点句: The primary advantage of this migration is the access to superior educational institutions, a wider range of career opportunities, and a more diverse cultural environment that cities offer.
论点B (缺点):
- 理由: 这会导致农村地区人才流失,给年轻人自己带来巨大的生活压力。
- 论点句: Conversely, this trend can lead to a "brain drain" from rural areas, depriving them of their young workforce, and it often subjects young individuals to intense urban pressures, such as high living costs and social isolation.
总结与建议
- 不要追求“奇奇怪怪”的论点: 清晰、合理的观点比一个为了标新立意而显得牵强的观点要好得多。
- 多练习审题和列提纲: 在动笔前,花3-5分钟写下你的立场和两个核心论点,这能确保你的文章结构清晰。
- 阅读高分范文: 分析范文的论点是如何构建的,学习它们的句式和逻辑连接词。
- 学会“自问自答”: 对自己的每个论
