电子邮件的基本结构

一封完整的英文邮件通常包含以下13个部分，其中加粗的部分是必不可少的。

Subject Line (主题行) Salutation (称呼) Opening Line (开场白) Body Paragraph(s) (正文段落) Closing Line (结束语) Signature (签名) 7. Email Address (发件人邮箱) 8. Recipients (收件人) 9. CC (抄送) 10. BCC (密送) 11. Attachments (附件) 12. Date & Time (日期和时间) 13. Pre-header (预览文本)

各部分详解与范例

Subject Line (主题行)

重要性： 这是收件人最先看到的内容，决定了邮件是否会被打开，一个好的主题行应该清晰、简洁、具体。

• 格式：
  • 使用短语,而不是完整的句子。
  • 首字母大写，但小写冠词、介词等（除非在句首）。
  • 避免使用全部大写或过多感叹号,这看起来像垃圾邮件。
• 范例：
  • 求职： Application for Marketing Manager Position - [Your Name]
  • 询问信息： Question about Project Timeline
  • 会议请求： Meeting Request: Q3 Marketing Strategy Review
  • 跟进： Following Up on Our Conversation
  • 学术： Inquiry: Assignment Submission for EN101
  • 差事： Request for Approval: Travel to Shanghai Conference

Salutation (称呼)

重要性： 这决定了邮件的正式程度。

• 对未知收件人或多人：
  • Dear Hiring Manager, (求职时,不知道具体联系人)
  • Dear Sir or Madam, (非常正式，但略显过时，建议优先使用 "Hiring Manager")
  • To Whom It May Concern, (最正式,适用于非常正式的申请)
• 对已知收件人：
  • Dear Mr. Smith, (正式,用于男性)
  • Dear Ms. Jones, (正式，用于女性，"Ms." 是最安全的选择,无论对方婚否)
  • Dear Dr. Williams, (用于博士或医生)
  • Dear Professor Lee, (用于教授)
• 对同事或熟人：
  • Hi [First Name], (友好、常用，如 Hi Sarah,)
  • Hello [First Name], (比 "Hi" 稍微正式一点)
  • Hey [First Name], (非常口语化,仅用于关系非常好的同事或朋友)
• 对团队：
  • Hi Team,
  • Hello Everyone,

Opening Line (开场白)

重要性： 简单地说明你写这封邮件的目的。

• 直接型：
  • I am writing to inquire about the status of my application. (我写这封邮件是想询问我申请的状态。)
  • I am writing to apply for the Software Engineer position listed on your website. (我写这封邮件是想申请贵网站上发布的软件工程师职位。)
• 参考型：
  • It was a pleasure meeting you at the career fair yesterday. (很高兴昨天在招聘会上遇到您。)
  • Following up on our phone conversation this morning... (跟进我们今早的电话沟通……)
• 简洁型：
  • Regarding our meeting tomorrow... (关于我们明天的会议……)

Body Paragraph(s) (正文段落)

重要性： 这是邮件的核心内容，段落要清晰,逻辑要连贯。

• 结构：
  • 第一段： 开门见山，重申写信目的,并简要提供背景信息。
  • 中间段落： 详细阐述，如果是求职信，这里要展示你的技能和经验如何匹配职位要求，如果是普通邮件，这里要提供详细信息、解释原因或提出请求。使用项目符号可以让复杂信息更清晰。
  • 最后一段： 提出明确的下一步行动,并表示感谢。
• 段落长度： 每段不宜过长，3-4句话为佳,让邮件易于阅读。
• 范例 (求职信正文):

  With over five years of experience in digital marketing and a proven track record of increasing online engagement, I am excited to apply for the Marketing Manager position at XYZ Company. My background in social media campaigns and SEO strategy aligns perfectly with the requirements listed in your job description.

  In my previous role at ABC Corp, I successfully:

  • Led a team of three to increase social media followers by 40% in one year.
  • Developed and executed an SEO strategy that improved organic search traffic by 25%.
  • Managed a budget of $50,000 for online advertising campaigns, achieving a 15% ROI.

  I am confident that my skills and passion for marketing would make me a valuable asset to your team. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to discussing my application with you further.

Closing Line (结束语)

重要性： 在正文之后，正文之前,表达礼貌和期待。

• 正式：
  • Sincerely, (最正式、最通用的选择)
  • Best regards, (正式且友好)
  • Respectfully, (非常尊敬,用于对上级或非常资深的人士)
• 半正式/通用：
  • Kind regards, (友好且专业)
  • All the best, (友好、积极)
• 非正式：
  • Thanks, / Thank you, (简单感谢)
  • Best, (非常简洁、通用)

Signature (签名)

重要性： 提供你的联系信息,方便对方回复。

• 格式： 结束语下方,另起一行。
• 内容 (根据场合选择)：
  • 求职/正式场合：

    Sincerely,
    [Your Full Name]
    [Your Phone Number]
    [Your Email Address]
    [Your LinkedIn Profile URL (Optional)]

  • 公司内部/日常沟通：

    Best,
    [Your First Name]
    [Your Job Title]
    [Your Department]

不同场景的完整范例

范例1：求职邮件

Subject: Application for Junior Graphic Designer Position - Jane Doe

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing to express my strong interest in the Junior Graphic Designer position at Innovate Corp, which I saw advertised on LinkedIn. With a Bachelor's degree in Fine Arts and two years of professional experience creating visual content for digital platforms, I am confident in my ability to contribute to your creative team.

My portfolio, attached for your review, showcases my work in brand identity, social media graphics, and web design. At my previous role, I collaborated with the marketing team to launch a new product campaign, resulting in a 20% increase in user engagement. I am proficient in Adobe Creative Suite and have a keen eye for detail and user experience.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I have attached my resume for your review and welcome the opportunity to discuss my qualifications in an interview.

Sincerely,

Jane Doe (123) 456-7890 jane.doe@email.com [link to your portfolio/LinkedIn]

范例2：向教授询问问题

Subject: Question regarding EN101 Assignment #3

Dear Professor Lee,

I hope this email finds you well. I am a student in your EN101 class, and I am writing to you today with a question about the requirements for Assignment #3.

I am a bit unclear about the citation style we are expected to use. The instructions mention "proper academic citation," but I was wondering if you have a preference for MLA or APA format? Also, should the bibliography be included in the page count?

Thank you for your guidance. I look forward to your clarification.

Best regards,

Zhang Wei Student ID: 2025XXXX EN101 - Section 2

专业技巧与注意事项

1. 校对，校对，再校对！ 拼写和语法错误会显得你非常不专业,发送前务必仔细检查。
2. 保持简洁： 人们时间宝贵,尽量让邮件内容简明扼要。
3. 使用专业邮箱地址： 避免使用 cutekitty123@email.com 这样的邮箱，最好使用你的名字，如 firstname.lastname@email.com。
4. **附件提醒