第一部分：核心原则 - “模板”的灵魂

1. 客观准确，而非主观分析：你的任务是“描述”图表中呈现的信息，而不是“分析”原因或提出“解决方案”，不要使用 I think, in my opinion, the reason is... 等主观性强的词。
2. 概括整体趋势，而非罗列所有数据：不要试图描述图表中的每一个数字，你需要找出最主要、最显著的特征（如最高点、最低点、总体趋势、最显著的对比等），并在开头和结尾进行概括。
3. 数据支撑，而非空谈趋势：在描述趋势或对比时，必须引用图表中的具体数据（数字、时间、百分比等）来支撑你的观点，让描述更具说服力。
4. 灵活变通，而非生搬硬套：模板是骨架，你需要根据不同的图表类型和具体内容，填充血肉，切忌生硬地套用句子，导致上下文不通顺。

第二部分：经典四段式结构框架

这是最常用、最稳妥的结构，适用于所有图表类型。

第一段：引言 - 开门见山，改写题目

目标：重述题目，让读者（考官）快速了解你要描述的内容。 结构：图表类型 + 时间 + 主题

模板句式 (任选其一或组合使用)：

• 万能句式 (推荐):

  The bar chart / line graph / pie chart / table / diagram(s) illustrates / presents / compares / shows data regarding [图表主题] in [时间范围, e.g., 2025, the first quarter, over a 10-year period].

• 其他句式:

  The provided chart/graph provides information about [图表主题] over the period from [起始年份] to [结束年份]. As is depicted/clearly shown in the pie chart, it illustrates the proportion of [图表主题] in [具体年份或情况].

第二段：概述 - 抓住核心，高屋建瓴

目标：用2-3句话总结图表最核心、最突出的2-3个主要特征，这是最关键的一段，决定了你作文的档次，通常是总体趋势（上升/下降/波动）、最值（最高/最低）、主体构成（最大/最小部分）。

模板句式：

• 描述趋势 (线图/柱状图):

  Overall, it is apparent that [总体趋势描述，e.g., the number of A experienced a significant increase, while that of B witnessed a slight decline]. In general, [图表主体] saw a dramatic / gradual / steady / fluctuating trend over the period in question.

• 描述对比 (柱状图/表格):

  Overall, A was the highest / most significant category, followed by B and C, whereas D recorded the lowest / smallest figure. It is clear that [主体A] was more popular than [主体B] in [所有时间点或整体情况].

• 描述构成 (饼图):

  Overall, the majority of [图表主题] was accounted for by [最大的部分], at [百分比]. [第二大部分] and [第三大部分] constituted a smaller proportion.

第三、四段：细节分析 - 详述要点，数据支撑

目标：分段描述图表中的具体细节，每个段落集中讨论一个主要方面或时间点。 策略：

1. 分段：通常分为两段，可以按时间分段（过去/，或按类别分段（A类/B类），或按重要性分段（最重要的信息放第一段）。
2. 每段结构：主题句 + 数据支撑 + （可选）简单比较。

模板句式与结构：

段落开头句 (主题句):

• 描述时间点/阶段:

  During the period from [年份A] to [年份B], [某个数据] [动词, e.g., rose / fell / remained stable]. In [具体年份], there was a significant / slight change in [某个数据].

• 描述数据:

  In terms of [某个类别], it [动词] from [数据A] in [年份A] to [数据B] in [年份B]. [某个类别] was the most / least popular option, with [数据].

数据描述与比较句式 (这是你需要重点练习的部分):

• 表达数据:

  The number of [名词] stood at [具体数字] in [年份]. [名词] accounted for [百分比]% of the total. [名词] witnessed a [形容词, e.g., dramatic / sharp / slight] increase of [具体数字或百分比].

• 表达比较:

  ... was significantly higher/lower than ... ... was nearly/almost/exactly twice as much/many as ... ... was similar to / the same as ... By contrast, / In comparison, ...

第三部分：各图表类型专项技巧与词汇

线图

• 核心：描述趋势、波动、交叉点。
• 趋势词汇：
  • 上升: increase / rise / grow / climb / surge / soar (程度递增)
  • 下降: decrease / decline / drop / fall / dip / plummet (程度递增)
  • 波动: fluctuate / fluctuate wildly / fluctuate slightly
  • 稳定: remain stable / stay constant / level off / plateau
• 句式：

  The line for [A] began at [数据] in [起始年], before surging to a peak of [最高点] in [年份]. Subsequently, it plummeted to [数据] by [结束年].

柱状图

• 核心：比较不同类别、不同时间的数据。
• 策略：横向比较（同一时间不同类别）和纵向比较（同一类别不同时间）。
• 句式：

  In [年份], [A] was the highest, at [数据], while [B] was the lowest, only [数据]. The number of [A] experienced a sharp increase from [数据A] to [数据B], which was a stark contrast to [C], which remained relatively unchanged.

饼图

• 核心：描述比例、构成。
• 策略：从最大/最小部分说起，使用 account for / constitute / make up / comprise。
• 句式：

  [A] accounted for the largest proportion, at [百分比]%. [B] and [C] constituted [百分比]% and [百分比]% respectively. The smallest share was [D], at only [百分比]%.

表格

• 核心：精确比较数据，找出最大值、最小值和显著差异。
• 策略：不要逐行逐列描述，而是选择最有代表性的数据进行比较。
• 句式：

  As can be seen from the table, [A] had the highest figure for [指标], with [数据]. In contrast, [B] registered the lowest number, at [数据].

流程图 / 地图

• 核心：描述步骤、顺序和变化。
• 时态：通常使用一般现在时或一般将来时。
• 顺序词汇：First, / To begin with, / Then, / Next, / After that, / Subsequently, / Finally, / The final step is...
• 被动语态：is heated, is mixed with, is transported to, can be seen that...
• 地图专用词汇：to the north of / to the south of / adjacent to / opposite / next to / is located in / has been replaced by / new facilities were built

第四部分：一个完整的范例 (线图)

** The line graph below shows the number of visitors to three different museums in a city between