这篇解析将不仅仅是展示范文原文，更重要的是深度剖析其写作思路、论证结构、语言特点和得分点，帮助你真正理解“高分范文”好在哪里,并应用到自己的写作中。
核心方法论：如何从范文学到“道”与“术”
在看范文之前，你必须明白一个核心观点：不要死记硬背范文，而要学习其“思维框架”和“语言工具箱”。
- 道（思维框架）：范文是如何审题、构思观点、安排段落结构的,这是写作的灵魂。
- 术（语言工具箱）：范文使用了哪些高级词汇、复杂句型、连接词和论证方法,这是写作的血肉。
剑桥5 Test 4 大作文题目
Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
一些人认为，去其他国家旅游应该遵守当地的风俗习惯，另一些人不同意，认为东道主国家应该欢迎文化差异，讨论这两种观点并给出你自己的看法。
范文原文
Version 1 (The standard answer in the book)
When travelling to foreign countries, people are often confronted with different cultural norms and practices. The question of whether visitors should adapt to local customs or whether host countries should embrace cultural differences is a contentious one. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my own view.
On the one hand, there are compelling reasons why tourists should respect and follow local traditions. Firstly, doing so demonstrates a sense of respect for the host country and its people. By adhering to local dress codes, for example, or learning a few basic phrases in the local language, visitors show that they are making an effort to integrate and appreciate the culture. This can foster positive interactions and goodwill between tourists and locals. Secondly, conformity to local customs can help to preserve the cultural integrity of a destination. Many traditional practices are fragile and can be eroded by the influence of foreign visitors. If tourists were to behave in ways that are considered offensive or inappropriate, it could lead to resentment and a loss of cultural identity.
On the other hand, it could be argued that host countries should be more tolerant and welcoming of cultural diversity. In an increasingly globalised world, cultural exchange is inevitable and, to a large extent, beneficial. The presence of visitors from different backgrounds can enrich a country's own culture, introducing new ideas, cuisines, and art forms. For instance, the popularity of international food festivals in many cities is a testament to the positive impact of cultural diversity. Furthermore, imposing strict rules on visitors might be seen as inhospitable and could deter tourism, which is a vital source of income for many nations.
In my opinion, while the onus is primarily on visitors to be respectful and sensitive, host countries also have a responsibility to be accommodating. A balanced approach is required, where tourists are encouraged to learn about and respect local customs, but are not expected to abandon their own cultural identity entirely. This mutual respect is the key to fostering positive international relations and ensuring that tourism is a force for good, rather than a source of friction.
(294 words)
范文深度解析
第一部分：整体结构与得分点分析
这篇范文是典型的 “讨论双方观点 + 给出自己观点” 结构，也是雅思大作文最稳妥、最清晰的结构。
| 结构部分 | 功能 | 范文体现 | 得分点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 引言段 | 话题引入 背景铺垫 明确写作任务（讨论双方+我的观点） |
"When travelling to foreign countries... is a contentious one. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my own view." | 任务回应清晰：一句话点明题目核心矛盾，并预告文章结构，让考官一目了然。 |
| 主体段一 | 阐述观点一：游客应遵守当地习俗 | "On the one hand, there are compelling reasons why tourists should respect and follow local traditions." | 逻辑清晰：用 On the one hand 开头，明确过渡。 |
| 论点1：表示尊重，促进积极交流 | "Firstly, doing so demonstrates a sense of respect... foster positive interactions and goodwill." | 论证有力：使用了 Firstly，论点后紧跟具体解释和例子（dress codes, language phrases）。 |
|
| 论点2：有助于保护文化完整性 | "Secondly, conformity to local customs can help to preserve... a loss of cultural identity." | 论证有力：使用 Secondly，从文化保护的角度深化了论点，逻辑递进。 |
|
| 主体段二 | 阐述观点二：东道主应欢迎文化差异 | "On the other hand, it could be argued that host countries should be more tolerant..." | 逻辑清晰：用 On the other hand 自然过渡到对立观点。 |
| 论点1：全球化背景下，文化交流有益 | "In an increasingly globalised world... enrich a country's own culture..." | 论证有力：从全球化的大背景切入，提升了论证的格局，使用了 For instance 引出具体例子（food festivals）。 |
|
| 论点2：强制规定可能不友好，影响旅游业 | "Furthermore, imposing strict rules... a vital source of income for many nations." | 论证有力：从经济角度补充论点，使论证更全面。 | |
| 结论段 | 总结双方观点 给出自己的平衡观点 升华主题 |
"In my opinion, while the onus is primarily on visitors... a force for good, rather than a source of friction." | 观点明确且有深度：没有简单选边站，而是提出了一个平衡、辩证的观点（a balanced approach），体现了思考的成熟度，结尾句升华了主题，点明其重要性。 |
第二部分：语言亮点分析（“术”的层面）
这篇范文的词汇和句式是其获得高分的另一大支柱。
高分词汇
- 替换常见词：
follow->adhere to,conform to(更正式，表示“遵守”)different->different cultural norms and practices,cultural diversity(更具体、更学术)should->the onus is primarily on...(责任在于...,非常地道的表达)welcome->embrace,be tolerant of(更丰富的表达)good->beneficial,positive impact,a force for good(更高级的同义替换)
- 精准表达：
contentious(有争议的) - 精准描述题目性质。compelling reasons(有力的理由) - 增强论证语气。cultural integrity(文化完整性) - 专业术语,提升专业性。eroded(侵蚀) - 生动描述文化受影响的过程。resistance(抵制，反感) - 准确描述当地人的情绪。foster(培养，促进) - 比make更高级。mutual respect(相互尊重) - 核心概念,用词精准。
复杂句型
- 状语从句：
While the onus is primarily on visitors to be respectful..., host countries also have a responsibility...(虽然.....) - 在结论段中完美地表达了平衡的观点。If tourists were to behave in ways..., it could lead to resentment...(虚拟语气，表假设) - 增强了论证的严谨性。
- 分词结构作状语：
By adhering to local dress codes..., visitors show that...(通过做某事，...) - 使句子结构更紧凑。
- 介词短语开头：
In an increasingly globalised world, cultural exchange is inevitable...- 开门见山,引出宏观背景。
- 同位语：
...many traditional practices are fragile and can be eroded by the influence of foreign visitors.- 清晰地解释了cultural integrity可能受到的威胁。
连接词与逻辑关系
- 段落间：
On the one hand/On the other hand- 经典的对比结构。 - 论点间：
Firstly/Secondly/Furthermore- 清晰的递进关系。 - 逻辑关系：
while(表转折),if(表假设),for instance(举例),in my opinion(个人观点) - 逻辑链条清晰,行文流畅。
如何学习并应用这篇范文？
模仿结构（学“道”）
- **练习审题
